You could build a plywood hood or box quite easily to work within and definitely the dust needs to be going away from you for your own health as well as the spread in the room. I was lucky enough to get a Dustmaster maxi with extraction at a very good price years ago but I still wear a mask, scarf round my hair, glasses and polishing shirt.
I bough a piece of sheet Perspex in my refurb to screen off the polisher to stop the sideways dust. You can have the pieces cut to size and you could probably glue or bracket the sheets together. Being transparent it allows light and in a living space would remove the impression of a solid structure . Message me for the company if you want